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Publication No. 7 



SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 



ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS 
1904 to 1910 



SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
WASHINGTON. D. C, 



Publication No. 7 



SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 



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ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS 
1904 to 1910 



SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 

WASHINGTON. D. C. 

1911 



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THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 



Robert C. Ogden 
President 

George Foster Peabody 
Vice-President and Treasurer 

WiCKUFFE Rose 
Executive Secretary 



Edwin A. Alderman 
Sidney J. Bowie 
Wallace Buttrick 
P. P. Claxton 
Frank R. Chambers 
Charles W. Dabney 
Albert Shaw 
J. H. Dillard 
Edgar Gardner Murphy 



Henry E. Fries 
Hollis B. Frissell 
Hugh H. Hanna 
David F. Houston 
S. C. Mitchell 
Walter H. Page 
J. H. Kirkland 
John M. Glenn 
George S. Dickerman 






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DEC 2 1928 





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INTRODUCTORY NOTE 



In the very brief statement here offered an attempt has been 
made to exhibit in definite, tangible form some of the results 
of the educational campaigns which have been conducted in 
the Southern States during the last six years, and to which the 
Southern Education Board has contributed funds. The re- 
sults here exhibited did not all spring directly and solely from 
these contributions ; but an effort has been made to exclude 
every result which these contributions have not shared in ef- 
fecting. It should be said, furthermore, that the largest, the 
most important result of these campaigns and of the contribu- 
tions that have made them possible is an aroused and enlight- 
ened public sentiment in the interest of better educational op- 
portunities for all the people. This result resists every effort 
at tabulation or tangible exhibit ; but it is none the less real ; 
it is organic, all pervading, and will continue for years to come 
to express itself in better laws, more adequate funds, more 
effective educational organization and activities. The state- 
ment here offered as an exhibit of returns on the Board's 
educational investment is very conservative. 

Wickliffu Rose, 

Executive Secretary. 



Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2010 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



http://www.archive.org/details/activitiesresultOOsout 



ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO 



Alabama 

1. Educational campaigns: 

a. Conducted from 1905 to 19 10. 

b. Contributed by Southern Education 

Board $8,495 • 22 

2. Purposes of educational campaigns : 

a. School improvement. 

b. To secure levy of 1 mill county tax. 

c. To secure State aid to communities for 

building and repairing local school- 
houses. 

3. Results of educational campaigns : 

a. Raised by school improvement associa- 

tions during 5 years (estimated) .... 100,000.00 

b. 43 of 67 counties of the State levy 1 

mill school tax. 

c. Raised from this source 3,434,371 . 50 

d. Law allowing State aid to communities 

for building and repairing rural 
school-houses, effective since March. 
1907. 

e. Total number of houses repaired and 

built since passage of bill 1,041 . 

/. Expended for this purpose 500,000.00 



Total amount raised as result of 

campaigns for period $4,034,371 . 50 



THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION HOARD 



Arkansas 

i . Educational campaigns : 

a. Conducted from 1908 to 1910. 

b. Contributed by Southern Education Board 

to May, 191 1, for school improvement 

and campaign $4,721 . 45 

For Arkansas Education Commission 4.083 . 32 

Total $8,804.77 

2. Purposes of educational campaigns : 

a. To create sentiment and organize school 

improvement leagues for the improve- 
ment of public schools. 

b. To increase school revenues. 

c. To create sentiment for practical education. 

d. To secure the enactment of measures rec- 

ommended by the education commission. 

3. Results of educational campaigns : 

a. In general : 

(a) 12,000 patrons organized into school 

improvement leagues. 

(b) Equipment and sanitary condition of 

schools greatly improved. 

b. In legislation : 

(a) Compulsory attendance laws enacted 

for about half the counties in the 
State (1909). 

(b) Four district agricultural schools es- 

tablished (1909). 

*(c) Law creating State Board of Educa- 
tion and giving it large administra- 
tive powers (191 1 ). 

*(rf) Law authorizing consolidation of 
weak schools and transportation of 
pupils (1911). 

*These measures were recommended by the Arkansas Education 
Commission. 



ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I9O4-I9IO 



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THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 



Florida 

i. Educational campaigns: 

a. Conducted from October I, 1909, to Feb- 

ruary 16, 1910. 

b. Expended for campaign purposes $2,600.00 

2. Purposes of educational campaign : 

a. Local taxation. 

b. School improvement. 

3. Results of campaign : 

a. Number of counties assessing maximum 

constitutional levy of 7 mills increased 
from 19 to 47. 

b. Fund derived from increased levy 425,000.00 

c. Fund raised for high school buildings .... 280,000 . 00 

d. 150 school improvement associations or- 

ganized. Amount raised by 40 of these 24,000.00 



Total amount raised as result of cam- 
paign $729,000.00 



ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO 



Georgia 

Educational campaigns: 

a. Conducted from 1904 to 19 10. 

b. Contributed by the Southern Education 

Board $17,500.00 

Purposes of educational campaigns : 

a. For local tax amendments to constitution. 

b. Raise funds to locate and erect buildings 

for 11 district agricultural schools. 

c. Constitution recognizing high schools and 

permitting counties and districts to main- 
tain high school grades. 

d. More liberal legislation, local taxation and 

general school improvement. 
Results of educational campaigns : 
a. In legislation: 

(a) Constitutional amendment permitting 

county or school district to vote a 
local tax. Adopted 1904.* 

(b) More liberal local tax law adopted 

1905. 

(-C-) 11 district agricultural schools estab- 
lished 1907. 

(d) Constitutional amendment permitting 
State aid to rural high schools 1910. 



*Before this no county or district had voted a tax for schools. Twenty- 
four counties, 422 tax districts, and numerous towns are now operating 
under this amendment. 



IO 



THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 




" S u O &S rt 2, 



ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO II 



Kentucky 

Educational campaigns : 

a. Two campaigns conducted 1908- 1909. 

b. Contributed by Southern Education 

Board $5,000.00 

Purposes of educational campaigns: 

a. Campaign of 1908 was conducted in 

support of the county system of school 
administration which had gone into 
effect March of that year, the pur- 
pose being to forestall opposition and 
thereby prevent repeal of the law. 

b. To secure the establishing of county 

high schools which had just been pro- 
vided for by State law. 

c. Main purpose of the campaign was to 

secure increase of revenues by local 
taxation which had been authorized 
by recent enactment. 
Results of the two campaigns : 

a. County system of school administration 

reinforced. 

b. The establishing of county high schools 

increased. 

c. Increase in revenues : 

(a) All local taxes raised in 1909. . . . $532,521 .00 

(b) All local taxes raised in 1910. . . . 750,000.00 



Total amount raised as result of 

campaign for two years $1,282,521 .00 



12 



THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 



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ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO 13 



Mississippi 

1 . Educational campaigns : 

a. Conducted from 1905 to 1910. 

b. Amount contributed by Southern Educa- 

tion Board.. $6,250.00 

2. Purposes of educational campaigns : 

a. To increase local taxation. 

b. School improvement. 

3. Results of campaigns : 

a. "Educational sentiment, the value of 

which cannot be estimated in dollars 
and cents." 

b. Amount derived from local 

county levy, 1909 $287,272 . 1 1 

c. Amount estimated from 

same source, 1910 340,000.00 

d. Total for two years 627,272. n* 

e. Raised by local associations for school 

improvement from September 1, 1909, 

to November 9, 1910 75,000.00 

/. Money donated in prizes 200.00 

g. Contribution by Mr. Thomas 700.00 

h. Estimated labor donated 15,000.00 

i. Total amount for school improvement . . . 90,000 . 00 

Total raised as result of campaign 

for two years $717,272. 11 

""'Before any money was appropriated for local tax campaign work in 
this State, no money was raised for school purposes by local taxation, 
except in the towns and cities." — Supt. J. N. Powers. 



'4 



THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 



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ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO 15 



South Carom n a 

1 . Educational campaigns : 

a. Conducted from 1905 to 19 10. 

b. Contributed by the Southern Education 

Board $9,000 . 00 

2. Purposes of educational campaigns : 

a. To encourage local tax levies. 

b. To launch a movement looking to the con- 

solidation of rural districts. 

c. To increase the enrollment and attendance in 

all schools. 

d. To build better school-houses. 

e. To employ better teachers at better salaries. 

3. Results of educational campaigns: 

a. Law increasing the maximum mill tax rate 

from 4 mills to 8 mills. 

b. Law encouraging consolidation of small 

schools by creating a State building fund 
and offering a bonus from this fund to 
schools that have consolidated. 

c. School districts levying local tax 1905 389 

" " 1910 835 

Increase in number of districts levying local 

tax 1905 to 1910 446 

d. In 1910 the average salary for white men 

teachers increased $59.67; for white 
women teachers, $9.13; for negro women 
teachers, $2.89; for negro men teachers, 
practically no increase. 



t6 



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ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO IJ 

Tennessee 

I. Educational campaigns : 

1. Conducted from 1904 to 1910. 

2. Contributed by Southern Education Board $11,592. 12 

II. Purposes and results of educational campaigns 

by periods. 

1. Preliminary campaign 1902- 1903. 

a. Purpose: 

(1) To increase general interest in edu- 
cation. 

b. Results: 

(1) Act appropriating surplus in State 

treasury to common schools. (In 
1905 this surplus amounted to 
about $497,500.) 

(2) Appropriated to University of Ten- 

nessee 12,500 . 00 

2. Campaigns of 1904- 1905. 

a. Purpose: 

( 1 ) To arouse general interest in educa- 

tion and specifically to increase 
county and city levies for schools. 

b. Result: 

(2) Appropriation to the University. . . . 25,000.00 

3. Campaigns 1906- 1907. 
a. Purposes : 

(1) A State appropriation of 75 cents 

per capita for each child of school 
age. 

(2) An annual appropriation of $50,000 

to be paid on a scholastic per 
capita basis to such counties as 
will levy a tax of 40 cents on the 
hundred dollars and $2 on the poll. 
(3) An annual appropriation of $25,000 
for high schools. 



l8 THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 

(4) An annual appropriation of $5,000 

for school libraries. 

(5) An annual appropriation of $75,000 

for the establishment and support 
of three normal schools. 

(6) An annual appropriation of $50,000 

to the State University. 
b. Results: 

(1) Seventy-five cents per capita for 

common schools. 

(2) $50,000 annually for counties levy- 

ing for schools 40 cents on the 
hundred dollars and $2 on the poll. 

(3) $100,000 to the University for the 

biennial period. 

(4) $40,000 for the establishment of an 

agricultural and horticultural ex- 
periment station in West Tennes- 
see. 

(5) County Board Law enacted substi- 

tuting County Boards of Educa- 
tion for District Boards. 
4. Campaigns of 1907, 1908, and 1909. 

a. Purposes: 

( 1 ) To increase school levies in counties 

and cities. 

(2) To secure better support for high 

schools. 

(3) To improve school-houses and 

grounds. 

(4) Main purpose to secure passage of 

General Education Bill and the 
enactment of compulsory attend- 
ance law. 

b. Results : 

(1) Large increase in city and county 
levies. 



ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, 1904-I9IO 19 

( 2 ) Rapid increase in high school de- 

velopment. 

(3) Enactment of General Education Bill 

(1909) giving 25 per cent of the 
revenues of the State to public edu- 
cation, apportioned as follows : 61 
per cent directly to the common 
schools on a per capita basis; 10 
per cent to the counties levying 
for schools 40 cents on the hun- 
dred dollars and $2 on the poll, 
and to these counties in proportion 
to scholastic population and in in- 
verse ratio to taxable property to 
scholastic population (after the 
beginning of 191 1 the State dupli- 
cates the salary of county superin- 
tendent up to $350, the money for 
this being taken from this 10 per 
cent fund) ; i per cent for school 
libraries ; 8 per cent for public 
high schools; 13 per cent for the 
establishment and maintenance of 
normal schools ; 7 per cent for the 
University of Tennessee. The 
total fund amounts to about $900,- 
000 a year. The Legislature also 
passed compulsory school attend- 
ance laws applying to one-third 
the counties of the State, and 
passed a bill authorizing counties 
and cities to issue bonds for build- 
ings and equipment of the State 
normal schools. Money, land, and 
equipment have been given for 
this purpose to the extent of 
$975,000. 



20 THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 

5. Campaigns of 1909-1910. 

a. Purposes: 

(1) The increase of appropriations for 

public education from 25 per cent 
to 33 1/3 per cent of the revenues 
of the State. 

(2) A general act enabling county courts 

to issue bonds for buildings, 
equipment, and repair of public 
school buildings. 

(3) A general revision and codification 

of the school laws of the State. 

(4) Extension of compulsory school at- 

tendance laws of the State. 

b. Results : 

( 1 ) Law enabling county courts to issue 

bonds for building, maintaining, 
and equipping school-houses. 

(2) Law extending compulsory attend- 

ance to a larger number of coun- 
ties. 

Note. — Failure of expected educational 
legislation due to abnormal politi- 
cal conditions, which disrupted the 
Legislature. 

111. Summary of increase of revenues as results 
of campaigns : 

Value of school property in 1902 $4,179,124 

" " " " " 1910 9,150,301 

Increase in value of school property $4,971,177 

(Most of this attributed to campaigns.) 

Direct State appropriations to common schools 

since legislation of 1903 $3,019,037 

Direct State appropriations to public high 

schools 1 50,000 



ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO 21 

State appropriations to libraries $19,000 

State appropriations to normal schools 208,000 

City and county appropriations to normal 

schools 975,000 

State appropriations to University 389,500 

Estimated one-half increase in value of school 

property due to campaigns 2,485,588 

Total State appropriations due to campaigns. 7,246,125 
Income of public schools from 

local taxation in 1902 $1,747,726 

Income of public schools from 

local taxation in 1910 3>737>&37 

Annual increase 1,990,1 1 1 

Total increase in local taxation since January 

h I904 8,524,718 

Total increase in income from January 1, 
1904, to June 30, 1910, mostly because of 
campaigns $15,770,843 



2,2 the southern education board 

Virginia 

i . Educational campaigns : 

a. Conducted from 1903 to 1909. 

b. Contributed by Southern Education Board. $20,722.71 

2. Purposes of campaigns : 

a. To increase State, county, and local school 

funds. 

b. To secure State aid for high schools. 

c. To secure better supervision and better 

teaching in the country schools. 

d. To adapt the country school to the needs 

of country life. 

e. To secure libraries, better buildings, and 

better sanitation for country schools. 

3. Results of educational campaigns : 

a. In legislation : 

(a) Law permitting local school boards 
to borrow from State Literary 
Fund one-half of cost of school 
buildings. 

1 b ) Law giving State aid to accredited 
elementary schools. 

( c ) Law giving State aid to high schools. 

| d ) Law requiring county and city su- 
perintendents to give their whole 
time to duties of the office and 
providing adequate salaries for 
these officers. 

I e ) Regulation placing examination of 
teachers in the hands of the State 
Board of Examiners. 

t / ) Law providing for establishment of 
agricultural high schools in each 
congressional district. 

1 y ) Law providing for the establish- 
ment of 20 normal training classes 
in high schools. 



ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, 1904-I9IO 23 

(h) Law establishing school libraries. 

(i) Law providing for demonstration 
farm work throughout the State. 
School officials co-operate with 
Agricultural College, U. S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, and State De- 
partment of Agriculture. 

(/) Law requiring proper facilities for 
heating, lighting, and ventilating 
all new school buildings. 

(k) Law increasing the power of the 
State Board of Health to provide 
adequate sanitary arrangements 
within and around school buildings. 



24 



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ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-19IO 25 



Summary of Funds Raised as Result oe Educational 
Campaigns for the Five Year Period 

Alabama $4,034,371 . 50 

Arkansas 2,122,237.33 

Florida 729,000.00 

Georgia 15,702,448.00 

Kentucky 1,282,521 .00 

Louisiana 2,027,191 .47 

Mississippi 717,272 . 1 1 

North Carolina 1,883,816.06 

South Carolina 1,790,478.05 

Tennessee 15,770,843 .00 

Virginia 5,274,329.60 

Total for 11 States $51,334,508.12 



26 THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 



Increase in Annual Expenditures for Schools During 
Nine Year Period 

Total Expenditure for Schools 

State. 1900. 1909. Increase. 

Alabama $923,464 $2,498,708 $1,575,244 

Arkansas 1,369,810 3,110,165 1,740,355 

Florida 765777 *,7W,93& 949> I 6i 

Georgia 1.980,016 4,005,325 2,025,309 

Kentucky 3,037,908 4,850,189 1,812,281 

Louisiana 1,135,125 3,607,295 2,472,170 

Mississippi 1,385,112 2.674,648 1,289,536 

North Carolina 950,317 -.993,045 ^,042,728 

South Carolina 894,004 1,095,236 201,232 

Tennessee 1, 75 1,047 3404,555 1,653,508 

Virginia 1,985,238 4.393,562 2,408,324 

Total increase for 11 States $18,169,848 

This means that these eleven States are spending in round 
numbers $18,000,000 more each year for public schools than 
they were spending in 1900. The educational campaigns have 
been an important factor in bringing about this result. To 
aid in maintaining these campaigns the Southern Education 
Board has expended from $30,000 to $40,000 a year during 
this period. 



